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Go to Microsoft Remote Desktop for Mac and click Download. You don't need to create an account or sign into HockeyApp to download the beta client. Displays have separate spaces If you are running Mac OS X 10.9 and disabled Displays have separate spaces in Mavericks (System Preferences. The Windows PC is correctly configured and the iOS Remote Client connects normally to the same Windows 10 device. File share connections are also working correctly between the Windows 10 and OS X devices. Deleting the Microsoft Remote Desktop 8.0 client from the Mac OS X device and reinstalling doesn't change the outcome.
Watch out - the (version 2.1.1) that comes with Mac Microsoft Office 2011 no longer works with Windows 2012 R2 (it does work with plain old Windows 2012). For me it fails with the following error message: Remote Desktop Connection cannot verify the identity of the computer that you want to connect to. A (regular) Windows 2012 Remote Desktop client doesn't have this problem. (Brief aside - Microsoft have a little note that says the 2.1.1 client is not supported on OS X v10.7 or later. Who knew and why did it make me report all those crashes?) The good news is that the 8.0.24091 (Mac App store only though - grr) does work with Windows 2012 R2.
Why this information isn't listed on the What's New in 2012 R2 Remote Services page I don't know. (If you wish to make the old client work you can follow the or try the (please someone edit this answer)). According to Microsoft's, the Remote Desktop Connection client for Mac was last updated on 5/5/2011, over 2 years ago. As it says, 'Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection Client for Mac (version 2.1.1) is not intended for use with Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later.' Also note that that page does not list Windows Server 2012 at all under the 'System Requirements.' I would suggest using a newer client (e.g. I use which supports OS X 10.5-10.8), as there may be unexpected behavior from using Microsoft's old software.